Monday, May 20, 2019

POVERTY IN JAMAICA Essay

Poverty is generally accepted as an undesir adequate to(p) condition. even, defining leanness is extremely problematical and several definitions exist. agree to Dennis brown (1995), He defined poverty as a state in which an individual or group possesses little than some standard which has been defined as acceptable. In the world we live it is generally accepted that there atomic number 18 deuce kinds of poverty, public and private poverty, however, the strain on poverty in this paper relates to Jamaica and its struggle to vanquish poverty. Poverty has been a persistent possess of Jamaicas environment from the post-emancipation period, and from their, it has been a subject of continuing concern and analysis for Caribbean academics and welf are practitioners. It is mainly in the past decade the nonion of poverty and poverty less(prenominal)ening come to occupy the central jell in both local and international policy. With boldness, Jamaica promulgates policy statements that p overty will be eradicated. With this continuing spring around the crisis of poverty, the distinction mingled with cause and consequence has become increasingly blurred, with the result that poverty reduction policies have little chance of reducing the extreme risks and hardships that Jamaicans face on a regular basis.In both national and international dialogue, the assumption remains unchallenged that poverty can be lessen if only one could correctly and channel the assistance directly to the deserving poor. The deserving poor are considered the vulnerable because of their demographic of physical characteristics, which may predispose them to health risk situations. Even though all individual will gladly accept any help they can get it is considered unfair to the real less fortunates of society According to the Planning Institute of Jamaica, over the past decade, the voice of the Jamaican population classified as poor fell from 30.5 percent in 1989 to 16.9 percent in 1999. With an estimated population of 2.58 million persons, this was equivalent to approximately 400,000 persons who were unable to meet their basal needs. Assuming that three-quarters of the poor were determined in hoidenish areas, as in 1998, an estimated 300,000 rural persons lived below the poverty line. The methodology officially use in calculating the number of those who fall below the poverty line follows international practice and is build around the cost of feeding a low income family.It is therefore highly insensitive to the changes in pabulum cost. Most basic foods were imported the effect of 1991 deregulation of the foreignexchange was immediately reflected in the poverty level, which soared to 44.6 percent. Since 1992 the poverty level has followed a steady downward path, until 1998 when it was estimated at 15.9 percent. One of the reasons why poverty permeates Jamaicas environment is due to a number of factors that needs immediate attention which is even-tempered present in the 21st century today. Rural firms are large and includes more children than in KMA( Kingston metropolitan area) households, rural area contains larger proportions of elderly and small proportions of persons in the prime working ages, as well as they can only afford to spend only two-thirds of what (KMA) counterparts spend on food beverages for each household member and their members a more likely to report cosmos ill and less likely able to seek medical care.The question pertaining to who are considered as the poor is generally taken as sufficient justification for the heavy emphasis of current poverty reduction curriculums on the two target groups of children and the elderly. However in an article named (A Rose by any other name). A cleaning lady by Rose Morgan has been sitting outside the villa medical centre in Mandeville who came from Westmoreland in her early 20s seek job opportunities. According to lift she came to Mandeville and she was pursued by a man that accommod ated her at his home, but in conclusion he died. Now Rose lives off the sincerity of those that pass her by the street. Poverty receives considerable less attention, particularly because of the inadequacy of employment. If rose had a job which she express was impossible to get, she would be else where rather than pray on the streets. From 1995 the political sympathies has been trying to get rid of living conditions such as these. The formulation of the program called (NPEP) National Poverty Eradication Progamme, coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister was design to advance the state of the country. This Programme serves as an umbrella for existing programs today such as the Human art and Resource Training, (HEART), Microenterprise credit programs poor relief public assistance and food stamp Programmes. Social and frugal jut out Programmes were also developed to promote the employment rate.Employment is seen as one of the major influences on poverty. On November 28, 2 012 a Gleaner article entitle, (Youth Unemployment still triples national average), shows that in spite of the government trying to eliminate poverty from Jamaicas landscape it has some how still manages to inhabit the air we breathe. According toDirector Dr Gladstone Hutchinson, he states that STATIN data during a review of the quarterly economic performance, Jamaicas savvy force increases by 20,600 in the past year (2011). The youth unemployment has consistently run two or three times the national average. The percentage of unemployed youths was 28.7%. The only improvement in idle rate was on April 2012 (14.3%). The tush of poverty is hard to brake, and I insist because majority of those without jobs are clean and it is either difficult at their age to pursue any form of higher education or they have no source of funding to do so. These groups of people falls within the poverty phratry called the aspiration group. For operational purposes, the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) ha s enunciated three categories of poverty which are Chronic Poverty, which exists when an individual is incapacitated and unable(predicate) of independently procuring the requisite means of sustenance. This category includes persons who are unable to work because of chronic physical and kind infirmity or old age and children without parents or with parents who are incapacitated. Those in this category of poverty are the primary beneficiaries of the welfare Programmes that fall under the (NPEP). Consumption Poverty, which refers to able-bodied adults who are unable to meet their basic consumption requirements. This means, they fall below the poverty line as determined by mean per capita consumption expenditure. This category may include both the employed and unemployed.Resource/capability Poverty, which refers to those who are deprived of retrieve to private and public resources such as a basic education, basic health care, basic housing, transportation, wakeless environment, wate r and employment. This deprivation of these basic resources in turns results in impoverishment. Categorizing poverty in this format allows the government to portion the necessary assistance to the right persons. Hence they will not give those who need help less more than what they deserve. One of the most diverse Programmes, aiming at fatigueing the back of poverty is the PATH Programme. It is said often times that the children are the future, it is clear that the aim of the Programme of Advancement Through Health is to break the generational struggle starting with the future of the country. Even though Path assists the elderly and the incapable, most of the centre is placed on the school which is essential for anyones country. On February the 4th, 2007. The Sunday Gleaner had an article about PATH, ( protrude of Poverty) emphasizing the 1.2 million spent onpath beneficiaries which 70% were to school children. PATH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) Programme funded by the Gov ernment of Jamaica and the World Bank and is aimed at delivering benefits by way of cash grants to the most needy and vulnerable in the society. In the article the Programme is being questioned why everyone is not benefited from Path.However it was stated that it is not because of budget limitations, but path is working on improving the attendance and performance rate in schools. In essence it justifies my point that Path is attack poverty at the roots. It was introduced Island wide in 2002. With PATH helping to assist in the elimination of poverty, it still does not conclude that path alone can do it. On the 6th of October 2006 in the perfunctory observer an editorial comment was made where the writer was in favor of the (PIOJ) and (STATIN) survey on November to the month of May in 2005. It states that poverty fell by 12.7 percent. On the contrary though he states that, turn we recognize that each intervention by the necessary Programmes are important, we are convinced that they do not provide the long-term basis for the eradication of poverty. For the real solution to poverty is sustained and sustainable economic growth. In correlation to the writers comment, the (NPEP) comprises of the Micro Investment Development Agency (MIDA) which was set up to support the microenterprise as mentioned earlier. It provides persons with the opportunity to gain employment through the establishment of their own businesses (2003). To date (MIDA) remains among the whiz largest providers of microcredit in the island. MIDA alone has been responsible for providing well over one billion Jamaican dollars to the micro-enterprise community between 1992 up until this very day.Hundreds of student graduates from HEART yearly with a skill and is now contributing to Jamaicas economic growth. For that it seems as though the countrys quest to illuminate poverty is gradually fetching place. The literature on poverty in Jamaica dearly indicates that it is a phenomenon associated with low educational attainment and often affects those who are unemployed or self-employed. Other contributing factors to poverty in Jamaica can be traced back to the increasing birthrate, delinquency in schools, child abuse and possibly drug abuse. It is each individual responsibility to profile their actions into actions that will in turn benefit them and the society they reside in.http//www.mlss.gov.jm/pub/index.php?artid=23 2006 ministry of labour and security Planning institute of Jamaica, survey of living conditions 1998 FUNDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE POOR IN JAMAICA Social & stinting Studies. Jun2008, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p119-148. FFRENCH, SEAN30phttp//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 THE DYNAMICS OF POVERTY IN JAMAICA, 1969-1999. Social & Economic Studies. Mar2001, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p199-228. 30p. Henry-Lee, Aldriehttp//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 Friday October 6,2006, ( presumet just alleviate poverty) the observer (out of poverty) February 4, 2007 the Sunda y gleanerThe gleaner june 18, 2009 (A rose by another name)Thompson Mepherse (Youth unemployment still triples national average), November the 28, 2012

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